New Study Shows Link Between Early Menopause, Breast Cancer Rates

A recent study has revealed that women who enter menopause before the age of 46 are nearly twice as likely to develop breast cancer compared to their peers.

The research, published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, focused on the impact of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), a condition where the ovaries fail to function properly due to the premature loss of eggs, leading to earlier menopause.

Dr. Corrine Welt, an endocrinologist at the University of Utah School of Medicine, highlighted the broader health implications of POI, stating, "Women with primary ovarian insufficiency are at increased risk for various conditions such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Our findings suggest that these women should also be closely monitored for cancer risk."

The study noted that POI often runs in families, with up to 43% of cases attributed to genetic factors. Previous research has hinted at a potential genetic link between POI and cancer.

To explore this connection, researchers examined medical records from two health systems serving a significant portion of the Utah population. They cross-referenced cases of POI with data from the Utah Cancer Registry.

The study identified 613 women with POI and 165 women who experienced early menopause between 1995 and 2021. Collectively, these women had more than 26,500 relatives represented in the cancer registry and medical databases.

Results indicated that women who underwent early menopause had nearly double the risk of developing breast cancer compared to the general population. Additionally, their relatives also showed an elevated risk of various cancers. Second-degree relatives, such as aunts, uncles, grandparents, nieces, and nephews, faced a 30% higher risk of breast cancer and a 50% increased risk of colon cancer. A wider group of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives had a 30% to 60% increased risk of prostate cancer.

To understand the genetic factors involved, researchers analyzed the DNA of six women with POI and found unique variations in genes responsible for maintaining cellular health. These genetic anomalies may compromise ovarian health and increase cancer risk.

The study suggests that women with POI or early menopause might benefit from more frequent cancer screenings. It also recommends that their relatives consider infertility testing and cancer screenings.